Pune docs say drinking hot tea, coffee may increase risk of oesophageal cancer 

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Drinking a hot cup of tea or coffee is part of the daily routine for millions of people in India who love both beverages. While some consume it only in the morning or evening, there are many who have it multiple times a day. 

However, drinking beverages that are extremely hot on a regular basis may not be as harmless as it seems. Experts caution that frequent consumption of beverages above 65 degrees Celsius can cause repeated thermal injury to the lining of the oesophagus and may increase the long-term risk of oesophageal cancer. 

Dangers of drinking hot tea and coffee

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), an agency of the World Health Organization, has classified drinking beverages above 65 degrees Celsius as “probably carcinogenic to humans”. This does not mean that tea or coffee directly causes cancer. Rather, repeated exposure to very high temperatures may damage the cells lining the mouth, throat and oesophagus and contribute to an increased risk over time.

Dr. Vivek Bande, surgical oncologist, Onco-Life Cancer Centre, Talegaon-Dabhade, explains, “People who regularly drink very hot tea or coffee should allow the beverage to cool for a few minutes before consuming it. Repeated exposure to very high temperatures can cause thermal stress and microscopic injuries to the lining of the oesophagus. Avoiding extremely hot beverages is a simple preventive step that can help reduce this risk.”

Experts also stress that people should not ignore persistent symptoms related to swallowing. Difficulty in swallowing, a sensation of food getting stuck in the throat or chest, chest discomfort or burning, unexplained weight loss, persistent cough and changes in the voice may require medical evaluation, particularly when these symptoms continue for a prolonged period.

“Difficulty in swallowing should not always be dismissed as acidity, especially when it occurs repeatedly. Tobacco and alcohol consumption are important risk factors for oesophageal cancer, and avoiding them can help lower the overall risk. Maintaining a balanced diet, staying physically active and seeking timely medical advice for persistent symptoms are also important,” said Dr. Ram Patil, head and neck surgical oncologist, Apollo Spectra in Pune.

Health experts share tips 

Experts recommend allowing tea and coffee to cool before drinking rather than consuming them immediately after preparation. A temperature around 50 degrees Celsius–60 degrees Celsius may be more comfortable for consumption. Adequate hydration and a balanced diet should also be part of a healthy lifestyle.

The risk of oesophageal cancer is influenced by several factors, including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, obesity, dietary habits and other medical conditions. Therefore, people do not necessarily need to stop drinking tea or coffee, but should avoid consuming them extremely hot and remain alert to persistent or unusual symptoms.